Abbreviations

Overview

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Abbreviations save space and time, but they must be used correctly to keep writing clear and professional. Some are common in everyday writing, while others should only be used in specific contexts.

Using periods in abbreviations

Some abbreviations use periods (like Dr. or U.S.A.), while others don’t (like NASA). Always follow the standard form for each abbreviation.

Example: 

• She met with Prof. Davis from the U.N.

Common abbreviations for titles

Titles like Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., and Prof. are abbreviated with periods.

Example: 

• Dr. Jones will give a lecture tomorrow.

Abbreviations in measurements

Units of measurement (cm, kg, mph) don’t need periods and are always written as numerals plus the unit.

Example: 

• The package weighs 5 kg.

Abbreviations in addresses

Street types and states often use abbreviations in mailing addresses, but not usually in essays.

Example: 

• She lives at 123 Main St., Orlando, FL.

Abbreviations with organizations

When writing about organizations, spell out the name the first time and put the abbreviation in parentheses. After that, you can use the abbreviation.

Example: 

• The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched a new mission. NASA plans more in the future.

Abbreviations with Latin phrases

Common abbreviations from Latin include etc. (and so on), e.g. (for example), and i.e. (that is). Use them carefully and sparingly in formal writing.

Example: 

• I like outdoor activities, e.g., hiking and biking.

Avoiding overuse of abbreviations

Too many abbreviations can confuse readers. Only use them when they are widely understood or when you’ve already explained them.

Example: 

• Wrong: The FYI from the HR dept. re: PTO was unclear.

• Correct: The memo from Human Resources about vacation time was unclear.

Abbreviations in academic writing

In formal essays, avoid slang abbreviations (like OMG or BTW). Use only professional or widely accepted abbreviations.

Example: 

• Acceptable: The U.S. economy grew in 2024.

• Not acceptable: The economy grew a lot, FYI.

Summary

Abbreviations shorten words or phrases, but they must be used properly. Titles and addresses often need them, organizations should be spelled out first, and Latin abbreviations should be used carefully. In academic writing, choose abbreviations that are clear, professional, and widely recognized.