Topic Sentences

Overview 

A topic sentence is the first sentence of a body paragraph that tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. It connects back to the thesis and previews the main idea of the paragraph. A strong topic sentence helps keep your writing focused and organized.

Topic sentences connect to the thesis

Each topic sentence should clearly relate to and support the thesis statement from your introduction. It acts like a mini-thesis for that paragraph and helps guide your reader through your argument or analysis.

Examples:

• Thesis: Online learning is less effective than in-person instruction because of reduced engagement, technical issues, and isolation.

• Topic sentence: One major drawback of online learning is the lack of student engagement during virtual classes.

This topic sentence clearly supports the thesis by focusing on engagement.

Be specific and focused

A strong topic sentence is not too broad or too vague. It should introduce one main point that the paragraph will develop with evidence and explanation.

Examples:

• Too vague: Online learning has problems.

• Stronger: Technical difficulties often disrupt the learning experience in virtual classrooms, making it harder for students to concentrate.

A clear and specific topic sentence gives the reader a strong preview of what’s to come.

Avoid using evidence as a topic sentence

Don’t start a paragraph with a fact, quote, or statistic. Topic sentences should introduce the idea first; then the evidence should follow to support it.

Examples:

• Weak (starts with evidence): According to a 2022 survey, 60% of students reported feeling isolated during online classes.

• Improved: Feelings of isolation are common in online learning environments, especially when students lack real-time interaction.

Lead with the idea, then bring in the support.

Use topic sentences to create flow

When each paragraph begins with a clear and connected topic sentence, your essay will flow more logically. Readers will understand how your ideas build on one another.

Example:

• Transitioning smoothly: In addition to reduced engagement, technical issues often make virtual learning more frustrating than helpful.

Here, the topic sentence continues the argument while signaling a shift to the next main point.

Revise topic sentences as you revise your paper

Sometimes your topic sentences may need to change as you develop your ideas. Make sure they still match what the paragraph actually says and stay aligned with the thesis.

Examples:

• Before revision: Students like online learning.

• After revision: Despite its convenience, online learning can lead to increased academic stress when students are left without in-person support.

Good topic sentences evolve with your writing.

Summary

Topic sentences are essential for organizing and developing strong body paragraphs in academic writing. They tell the reader what each paragraph is about and help keep your argument focused and clear. By crafting thoughtful, specific topic sentences, you guide your reader and strengthen your overall message.